INVESTIGATION OF THE AMENABILITY OF A COPPER-RICH REFRACTORY GOLD ORE TO CYANIDE LEACHING
Year 2020, Volume: 59 Issue: 4, 225 - 234, 01.12.2020Abstract
The production of gold from refractory gold ores has been increasing due to the exhaustion of free
milling gold ores. The presence of cyanicides (e.g., copper minerals) and encapsulation of gold
in minerals such as pyrite and arsenopyrite are common reasons for refractoriness of gold ores.
In this study, the amenability of a copper-rich gold ore (108 g/t Au, 1.60% Cu) to cyanide leaching
was investigated. Direct cyanide leaching of the ore showed that the gold extraction was very low
by 18.4% over 24 h., indicating that the ore is highly refractory. Sulphuric acid pretreatment for
the removal of acid-soluble copper was found to be not effective to achieve high gold extractions
at the subsequent cyanide leaching. Leaching at high NaCN concentrations (1-8 g/L) yielded
limited Au extractions of ≤47.2%. Ultra-fine grinding (UFG) (d80: 8-73 μm) as a pretreatment route
followed by cyanide leaching also could provide Au recoveries of just below 54.1%. The findings
showed that the ore is double-refractory and needs the employment of more effective pretreatment
process(es) to achieve acceptable gold extractions (>90%) in subsequent cyanidation stage.
Keywords
Gold, Copper-gold ores, Cyanide leaching, Acid pretreatment, Ultra-fine grinding, Refractory gold ore
References
- Akçay, M., Gündüz, Ö., 2004. Porphyry Cu–Au Mineralisation Associated with a Multi-Phase Intrusion and Related Replacement Fronts in Limestones in an Island Arc Setting Near the Gümüşhane Village (Artvin) In The Eastern Black Sea Province (Turkey). Chemie Der Erde - Geochemistry, 64, 359-383.
- Aylmore, M.G., Muir, D.M., 2001. Thiosulphate Leaching of Gold- A Review. Minerals Engineering, 14, 135-174.
- Bas, A. D., Koç, E., Yazici, E. Y., Deveci, H., 2015. Treatment of Copper-Rich Gold Ore by Cyanide Leaching. Leaching. Trans Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 25 (2), 597-607.
- Bas, A. D., Yazici, E. Y., Deveci, H., 2012. Treatment of Copper Rich Gold Ores by Ammonia Assisted Cyanide Leaching. Proceedings of the XXVI International Mineral Processing Congress (IMPC), New Delhi, India, 356−365.
- Bascombe, L., Mach, L., Altman, K.A., 2013. Technical Report on the Çöpler Mineral Resource Update Erzincan Province. Turkey, No. Canadian National Instrument, 43-101, Alacer Gold.
- Celep, O., 2011. Application of Alkaline Pretreatments for Gold and Silver Recovery from Refractory Ores. PhD Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University. The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Mining Engineering, Trabzon, May, 157 pp.
- Celep, O., 2015. Processing of Gold Ores. Türkiye Alim Kitapları, 220 pp (in Turkish).
- Celep, O., Altınkaya, P., Yazıcı, E.Y., Deveci, H., 2016. Effect of Ultra-fine Grinding on Cyanide Leaching of Copper Bearing Pyritic Gold Concentrate. Proceedings of XV. International Mineral Processing Symposium and Exhibition (IMPS), Istanbul-Turkey, 1255-1269.
- Celep, O., Altinkaya, P., Yazıcı, E.Y., Deveci, H., 2018. Nitric Acid Leaching for Pre-Treatment of a Copper Bearing Auroferrous Pyritic Concentrate. XXIX. International Mineral Processing Congress (IMPC), Paper no: 184, 17-21.
- Chryssoulis, S.L., Mcmullen, J., 2016. Mineralogical Investigation of Gold Ores. Gold Ore Processing- Project Development and Operations. Editor Mike Adams, Elsevier, 57-93. Deveci, H., Yazici, E.Y., Celep, O., 2018. An Overview of Pre-treatment and Leaching Options for Gold Extraction from Refractory Copper-Gold Ores. 16th International Mineral Processing Symposium and Exhibition (IMPS), Antalya, 439-451.
- Ellis, S., Gao, M., 2002. The Development of Ultra-fine Grinding at KCGM. SME Annual Conference, Preprint 02-072.
- Fleming, C.A., Mezei, A., Bourricaudy, E., Canizares, M., Ashbury, M., 2011. Factors Influencing the Rate of Gold Cyanide Leaching and Adsorption on Activated Carbon, and their Impact on the Design of CIL and CIP Circuits. Minerals Engineering, 24, 6, 484-494.
- Fleming, C.A., 2011. Dealing with Cyanide-Soluble Copper in the Gold Mining Industry. Fray International Symposium on Metals and Materials Processing in a Clean Environment. Mexico, 173-190.
- Habashi, F., 1999. A Textbook of Hydrometallurgy. Metallurgie Extractive Quebec Publications, Canada, 220-223.
- Hayes, G. A., Corrans, I. J., 1992. Leaching of Gold- Copper Ores Using Ammoniacal Cyanide. Proceedings of International Conference on Extractive Metallurgy of Gold and Base Metals, Melbourne, Australasian Inst Min Metall, 349-353.
- Hedley, N., Tabachnick, H., 1958. Chemistry of Cyanidation. Mineral Dressing Notes No. 23, American Cyanamid Company, New Jersey.
- Kesler, S.E., Chryssoulis, S.L., Simon, G., 2002. Gold in Porphyry Copper Deposits: Its Abundance and Fate. Ore Geology Review, 21 (1-2), 103-124.
- Marsden, J., House, I., 2006. The Chemistry of Gold Extraction. 2nd Edition, The Society for Mining Metallurgy and Exploration Inc., USA, 318-392.
- Medusa, 2009. Software for Chemical Equilibrium Diagrams. 32 bit version, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
- Muir, D.M., 2011. A Review of the Selective Leaching of Gold from Oxidized Copper-Gold Ores with Ammonia- Cyanide and New Insights for Plant Control and Operation. Minerals Engineering, 24, 576-582.
- Sceresini, B., Breuer, P., 2016. Gold-copper Ores. Gold Ore Processing, 2nd Edition, Chapter 43, Editor: Adams, M. D., Elsevier.
- Sinclair, W.D., 2007. Porphyry Deposits. Geological Association of Canada, Mineral Deposits Division, Special Publication, Canada, 223-243.
- URL-1,http://kozaaltin.com.tr/operasyonlar-ve-projeler/ kaymaz-altin-madeni, 02 August 2013.
- URL-2,https://www.alacergold.com/operations/ resources-and-reserves, 29 July 2020.
- URL-3,http://marianaresources.com/projects/hotmaden/ 24 March 2016.
- Yazici, E. Y., Deveci, H., Alp, I., 2009. Treatment of Cyanide Effluents by Oxidation and Adsorption in Batch and Column Studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 166 (2-3), 1362-1366.
- Yazici, E.Y., Ahlatci, F., Koc, E., Celep, O., Deveci, H., 2015. Pre-treatment of a Copper-rich Gold Ore for Elimination of Copper Interference. 8th European Metallurgical Conference (EMC), Dusseldorf, Vol. 2, 601-613.
- Yılmaz, E., Yazıcı, E.Y., Celep, O., Deveci, H., 2019. Recovery of Cyanide from Effluents: SART Process. Gumushane University Journal of Science and Technology Institute, 9 (3), 600-615 (in Turkish).
- Yigit, O., 2006. Gold in Turkey- A Missing Link in Tethyan Metallogeny. Ore Geology Reviews, 28, 147- 179.
BAKIR İÇERİĞİ YÜKSEK REFRAKTER BİR ALTIN CEVHERİNİN SİYANÜR LİÇİNE UYGUNLUĞUNUN ARAŞTIRILMASI
Year 2020, Volume: 59 Issue: 4, 225 - 234, 01.12.2020Abstract
Serbest altın içeren cevherlerin giderek tükenmesi nedeniyle refrakter altın cevherlerinden altın
üretimi artmaktadır. Siyanür tüketen minerallerin (bakır mineralleri gibi) varlığı ve altının pirit ve
arsenopirit gibi mineraller içerisinde kapanım halinde bulunması altın cevherlerindeki refrakterliğin
yaygın nedenleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bakırca zengin bir altın cevherinin
(108 g/t Au, %1,60 Cu) siyanür liçine uygunluğu araştırılmıştır. Siyanür liçinde elde edilen düşük
(%18,4) altın kazanımı, cevherin yüksek derecede refrakter bir cevher olduğunu göstermektedir.
Sülfürik asit ön işlemi ile asitte çözünen bakırın uzaklaştırılması, takip eden siyanür liçinde
yüksek altın kazanımlarına ulaşılmasında etkili olmamıştır. Yüksek NaCN konsantrasyonlarında
(1-8 g/L) yapılan testlerde, sınırlı altın kazanımları (≤%47,2) elde edilmiştir. Siyanür liçinden önce
ön işlem olarak uygulanan çok ince öğütme (d80: 8-73 μm) sonrası altın kazanımları %54,1’in
altında kalmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar cevherin çift yönlü refrakter bir cevher olduğunu ve siyanür
liçi aşamasında kabul edilebilir (>%90) altın kazanımlarına ulaşmak için daha etkili ön işlem(ler)in
uygulanmasının gerekli olduğunu göstermiştir.
Keywords
Altın, Bakırlı altın cevherleri, Siyanür liçi, Asit ön işlemi, Çok ince öğütme, Refrakter altın cevheri
References
- Akçay, M., Gündüz, Ö., 2004. Porphyry Cu–Au Mineralisation Associated with a Multi-Phase Intrusion and Related Replacement Fronts in Limestones in an Island Arc Setting Near the Gümüşhane Village (Artvin) In The Eastern Black Sea Province (Turkey). Chemie Der Erde - Geochemistry, 64, 359-383.
- Aylmore, M.G., Muir, D.M., 2001. Thiosulphate Leaching of Gold- A Review. Minerals Engineering, 14, 135-174.
- Bas, A. D., Koç, E., Yazici, E. Y., Deveci, H., 2015. Treatment of Copper-Rich Gold Ore by Cyanide Leaching. Leaching. Trans Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 25 (2), 597-607.
- Bas, A. D., Yazici, E. Y., Deveci, H., 2012. Treatment of Copper Rich Gold Ores by Ammonia Assisted Cyanide Leaching. Proceedings of the XXVI International Mineral Processing Congress (IMPC), New Delhi, India, 356−365.
- Bascombe, L., Mach, L., Altman, K.A., 2013. Technical Report on the Çöpler Mineral Resource Update Erzincan Province. Turkey, No. Canadian National Instrument, 43-101, Alacer Gold.
- Celep, O., 2011. Application of Alkaline Pretreatments for Gold and Silver Recovery from Refractory Ores. PhD Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University. The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Mining Engineering, Trabzon, May, 157 pp.
- Celep, O., 2015. Processing of Gold Ores. Türkiye Alim Kitapları, 220 pp (in Turkish).
- Celep, O., Altınkaya, P., Yazıcı, E.Y., Deveci, H., 2016. Effect of Ultra-fine Grinding on Cyanide Leaching of Copper Bearing Pyritic Gold Concentrate. Proceedings of XV. International Mineral Processing Symposium and Exhibition (IMPS), Istanbul-Turkey, 1255-1269.
- Celep, O., Altinkaya, P., Yazıcı, E.Y., Deveci, H., 2018. Nitric Acid Leaching for Pre-Treatment of a Copper Bearing Auroferrous Pyritic Concentrate. XXIX. International Mineral Processing Congress (IMPC), Paper no: 184, 17-21.
- Chryssoulis, S.L., Mcmullen, J., 2016. Mineralogical Investigation of Gold Ores. Gold Ore Processing- Project Development and Operations. Editor Mike Adams, Elsevier, 57-93. Deveci, H., Yazici, E.Y., Celep, O., 2018. An Overview of Pre-treatment and Leaching Options for Gold Extraction from Refractory Copper-Gold Ores. 16th International Mineral Processing Symposium and Exhibition (IMPS), Antalya, 439-451.
- Ellis, S., Gao, M., 2002. The Development of Ultra-fine Grinding at KCGM. SME Annual Conference, Preprint 02-072.
- Fleming, C.A., Mezei, A., Bourricaudy, E., Canizares, M., Ashbury, M., 2011. Factors Influencing the Rate of Gold Cyanide Leaching and Adsorption on Activated Carbon, and their Impact on the Design of CIL and CIP Circuits. Minerals Engineering, 24, 6, 484-494.
- Fleming, C.A., 2011. Dealing with Cyanide-Soluble Copper in the Gold Mining Industry. Fray International Symposium on Metals and Materials Processing in a Clean Environment. Mexico, 173-190.
- Habashi, F., 1999. A Textbook of Hydrometallurgy. Metallurgie Extractive Quebec Publications, Canada, 220-223.
- Hayes, G. A., Corrans, I. J., 1992. Leaching of Gold- Copper Ores Using Ammoniacal Cyanide. Proceedings of International Conference on Extractive Metallurgy of Gold and Base Metals, Melbourne, Australasian Inst Min Metall, 349-353.
- Hedley, N., Tabachnick, H., 1958. Chemistry of Cyanidation. Mineral Dressing Notes No. 23, American Cyanamid Company, New Jersey.
- Kesler, S.E., Chryssoulis, S.L., Simon, G., 2002. Gold in Porphyry Copper Deposits: Its Abundance and Fate. Ore Geology Review, 21 (1-2), 103-124.
- Marsden, J., House, I., 2006. The Chemistry of Gold Extraction. 2nd Edition, The Society for Mining Metallurgy and Exploration Inc., USA, 318-392.
- Medusa, 2009. Software for Chemical Equilibrium Diagrams. 32 bit version, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
- Muir, D.M., 2011. A Review of the Selective Leaching of Gold from Oxidized Copper-Gold Ores with Ammonia- Cyanide and New Insights for Plant Control and Operation. Minerals Engineering, 24, 576-582.
- Sceresini, B., Breuer, P., 2016. Gold-copper Ores. Gold Ore Processing, 2nd Edition, Chapter 43, Editor: Adams, M. D., Elsevier.
- Sinclair, W.D., 2007. Porphyry Deposits. Geological Association of Canada, Mineral Deposits Division, Special Publication, Canada, 223-243.
- URL-1,http://kozaaltin.com.tr/operasyonlar-ve-projeler/ kaymaz-altin-madeni, 02 August 2013.
- URL-2,https://www.alacergold.com/operations/ resources-and-reserves, 29 July 2020.
- URL-3,http://marianaresources.com/projects/hotmaden/ 24 March 2016.
- Yazici, E. Y., Deveci, H., Alp, I., 2009. Treatment of Cyanide Effluents by Oxidation and Adsorption in Batch and Column Studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 166 (2-3), 1362-1366.
- Yazici, E.Y., Ahlatci, F., Koc, E., Celep, O., Deveci, H., 2015. Pre-treatment of a Copper-rich Gold Ore for Elimination of Copper Interference. 8th European Metallurgical Conference (EMC), Dusseldorf, Vol. 2, 601-613.
- Yılmaz, E., Yazıcı, E.Y., Celep, O., Deveci, H., 2019. Recovery of Cyanide from Effluents: SART Process. Gumushane University Journal of Science and Technology Institute, 9 (3), 600-615 (in Turkish).
- Yigit, O., 2006. Gold in Turkey- A Missing Link in Tethyan Metallogeny. Ore Geology Reviews, 28, 147- 179.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors |
|
| Publication Date | December 1, 2020 |
| Submission Date | May 15, 2020 |
| Acceptance Date | August 15, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020Volume: 59 Issue: 4 |
Cite
| Bibtex | @research article { madencilik843761, journal = {Scientific Mining Journal}, issn = {2564-7024}, eissn = {2587-2613}, address = {Selanik Cad. No: 19/4 06650 Kızılay-Çankaya / ANKARA - TURKEY}, publisher = {Chamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey}, year = {2020}, volume = {59}, number = {4}, pages = {225 - 234}, doi = {10.30797/madencilik.843761}, title = {INVESTIGATION OF THE AMENABILITY OF A COPPER-RICH REFRACTORY GOLD ORE TO CYANIDE LEACHING}, key = {cite}, author = {Msumange, Deus Albert and Yazıcı, Ersin Yener and Celep, Oktay and Deveci, Hacı} } |
| APA | Msumange, D. A. , Yazıcı, E. Y. , Celep, O. & Deveci, H. (2020). INVESTIGATION OF THE AMENABILITY OF A COPPER-RICH REFRACTORY GOLD ORE TO CYANIDE LEACHING . Scientific Mining Journal , 59 (4) , 225-234 . DOI: 10.30797/madencilik.843761 |
| MLA | Msumange, D. A. , Yazıcı, E. Y. , Celep, O. , Deveci, H. "INVESTIGATION OF THE AMENABILITY OF A COPPER-RICH REFRACTORY GOLD ORE TO CYANIDE LEACHING" . Scientific Mining Journal 59 (2020 ): 225-234 <http://www.mining.org.tr/en/pub/issue/58436/843761> |
| Chicago | Msumange, D. A. , Yazıcı, E. Y. , Celep, O. , Deveci, H. "INVESTIGATION OF THE AMENABILITY OF A COPPER-RICH REFRACTORY GOLD ORE TO CYANIDE LEACHING". Scientific Mining Journal 59 (2020 ): 225-234 |
| RIS | TY - JOUR T1 - INVESTIGATION OF THE AMENABILITY OF A COPPER-RICH REFRACTORY GOLD ORE TO CYANIDE LEACHING AU - Deus AlbertMsumange, Ersin YenerYazıcı, OktayCelep, HacıDeveci Y1 - 2020 PY - 2020 N1 - doi: 10.30797/madencilik.843761 DO - 10.30797/madencilik.843761 T2 - Scientific Mining Journal JF - Journal JO - JOR SP - 225 EP - 234 VL - 59 IS - 4 SN - 2564-7024-2587-2613 M3 - doi: 10.30797/madencilik.843761 UR - https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.843761 Y2 - 2020 ER - |
| EndNote | %0 Scientific Mining Journal INVESTIGATION OF THE AMENABILITY OF A COPPER-RICH REFRACTORY GOLD ORE TO CYANIDE LEACHING %A Deus Albert Msumange , Ersin Yener Yazıcı , Oktay Celep , Hacı Deveci %T INVESTIGATION OF THE AMENABILITY OF A COPPER-RICH REFRACTORY GOLD ORE TO CYANIDE LEACHING %D 2020 %J Scientific Mining Journal %P 2564-7024-2587-2613 %V 59 %N 4 %R doi: 10.30797/madencilik.843761 %U 10.30797/madencilik.843761 |
| ISNAD | Msumange, Deus Albert , Yazıcı, Ersin Yener , Celep, Oktay , Deveci, Hacı . "INVESTIGATION OF THE AMENABILITY OF A COPPER-RICH REFRACTORY GOLD ORE TO CYANIDE LEACHING". Scientific Mining Journal 59 / 4 (December 2020): 225-234 . https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.843761 |
| AMA | Msumange D. A. , Yazıcı E. Y. , Celep O. , Deveci H. INVESTIGATION OF THE AMENABILITY OF A COPPER-RICH REFRACTORY GOLD ORE TO CYANIDE LEACHING. Mining. 2020; 59(4): 225-234. |
| Vancouver | Msumange D. A. , Yazıcı E. Y. , Celep O. , Deveci H. INVESTIGATION OF THE AMENABILITY OF A COPPER-RICH REFRACTORY GOLD ORE TO CYANIDE LEACHING. Scientific Mining Journal. 2020; 59(4): 225-234. |
| IEEE | D. A. Msumange , E. Y. Yazıcı , O. Celep and H. Deveci , "INVESTIGATION OF THE AMENABILITY OF A COPPER-RICH REFRACTORY GOLD ORE TO CYANIDE LEACHING", Scientific Mining Journal, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 225-234, Dec. 2020, doi:10.30797/madencilik.843761 |
Cited By
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Comparison of ion-exchange resins and activated carbon in recovering gold from cyanide leach solutions with low level of copper.
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