Scientific Mining Journal
Research Article
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A study on effects of modified calcite on filler retention and mechanical properties of fluting papers

Year 2022, Volume: 61 Issue: 1, 13 - 18, 07.03.2022

Tamer SÖZBİR Mustafa ÇİÇEKLER

https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.994264

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, modifiye kalsitin fluting kağıdı üretiminde dolgu maddesi olarak kullanımı araştırılmış ve kağıtların tutunuma ve bazı mekanik özelliklerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Modifikasyon için öğütülmüş kalsiyum karbonat (GCC/kalsit) ve katyonik nişasta kullanılmıştır. CPAM'ın şap etkisi ile dolgu modifikasyonu, nişasta-kalsit kapsüllenmesi ile sonuçlanmıştır. Üretilen modifiye kalsit (MC), fluting kağıt üretiminde belirli dozajlarda kullanılmıştır. Aynı zamanda, modifiye edilmemiş kalsit (UC) ile kağıt yapılmış ve modifiye kalsitin kağıt özellikleri ve dolgu retansiyonu üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre %10 MC kullanımı dolgu retansiyonunu iyileştirmiş ve %10 UC kullanımına göre yaklaşık %23 daha fazla tutunma sağlamıştır. Ayrıca MC dolgulu kağıtların mekanik özellikleri ve hava geçirgenlik değerleri UC dolgulu kağıtlardan daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Fluting kağıtlarında MC kullanımı ile daha iyi dolgu tutunumu elde edilirken, genel olarak dolgu ilavesinin neden olduğu mekanik özelliklerdeki azalma en aza indirilebilir. Ayrıca kağıt üretimi sırasında verilen dolgu dozajı azaltılarak beyaz sudaki kirlilikler en aza indirilebilir.

Keywords

Kalsit, Nişasta, Modifikasyon, Fluting Kağıdı, Retansiyon, Mekanik Özellikler

References

  • Andersson, L., Ridgway, C.J., Gane, P.A.C. 2013. Defining the mechanism of sizepress starch penetration in filled unsized fibrous products - A traditional technology revisited. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal. 28(4), 547–558.
  • Bajpai, P. 2018. Biermann's Handbook of Pulp and Paper. Academic Press, London. 273-281.
  • Beazley, K. 1991. Mineral fillers in paper. The Paper Conservator, 15(1), 17–27.
  • Cadotte, M., Tellier, M.E., Blanco, A., Fuente, E., Van De Ven, T. GM., Paris, J. 2007. Floculation, retention and drainage in papermaking: A comparative study of polymeric additives. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 85(2), 240–248.
  • Cao, S., Song, D., Deng, Y., Ragauskas, A. 2011. Preparation of starch-fatty acid modified clay and its application in packaging papers. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. 50(9), 5628–5633.
  • Chen, N., Wang, L., Wen, J., Yao, X., Zhao, W. 2020. Filler modified by a sequential encapsulation and preflocculation method and its effect on paper properties. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal. 35(1), 89–95.
  • Cicekler, M., Tutus, A. 2021. Effects of cellulase enzyme in deinking of Solvent-Based inks from mixed office wastes. Biocatalysis and Biotransformation. 39(2), 152–160.
  • Fahmy, T.Y.A., Mobarak, F. 2008. Nanocomposites from natural cellulose fibers filled with kaolin in presence of sucrose. Carbohydrate Polymers. 72(4), 751–755.
  • Fan, J., Li, T., Ren, Y., Qian, X., Wang, Q., Shen, J., Ni, Y. 2017. Interaction between two oppositely charged starches in an aqueous medium containing suspended mineral particles as a basis for the generation of cellulose-compatible composites. Industrial Crops and Products. 97, 417–424.
  • Fatehi, P., Hamdan, F.C., Ni, Y. (2013). Adsorption of lignocelluloses of pre-hydrolysis liquor on calcium carbonate to induce functional filler. Carbohydrate Polymers. 94(1), 531–538.
  • Fellers, C., Östlund, S., Mäkelä, P. 2012. Evaluation of the Scott bond test method. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. 27(2), 231–236.
  • Geng, C., Ma, T., Liu, J. 2021. Eco-environmental benefits analysis of EcoPartnerships program of production technology of calcium carbonate from lime mud produced by alkaline papermaking. Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.13697
  • Gigac, J., Kuna, V., & Schwartz, J. 1995. Effects of fibers and fillers on the optical and mechanical characteristics of paper. Tappi Journal. 78(2), 162–167.
  • Hubbe, M.A., Gill, R.A. 2016. Fillers for papermaking: A review of their properties, usage practices, and their mechanistic role. BioResources. 11(1), 2886–2963.
  • Karademir, A., Varlibas, H., Cicekler, M. 2013. A study on the chemical retention of CaCO3 on paper production. SDU Faculty of Forestry Journal. 14(1), 48–52.
  • Kiaei, M., Samariha, A., Farsi, M. 2016. Effects of montmorillonite clay on mechanical and morphological properties of papers made with cationic starch and neutral sulfite semichemical or old corrugated container pulps. BioResources. 11(2), 4990–5002.
  • Kim, H., Kim, C.H., Seo, J.M., Lee, J.Y., Kim, S.H., Park, H.J., Kim, G.C. 2011. Use of modified lignocellulosic fillers to improve paper properties. Appita Journal, 64(4): 338–343).
  • Kuusisto, J., Maloney, T.C. 2016. Preparation and characterization of corn starch–calcium carbonate hybrid pigments. Industrial Crops and Products. 83, 294–300. Laftah, W.A., Wan Abdul Rahman, W.A. 2016. Pulping Process and the Potential of Using Non-Wood Pineapple Leaves Fiber for Pulp and Paper Production: A Review. Journal of Natural Fibers. 13(1): 85-202.
  • Lee, M.W., Jung, S.Y., Seo, Y.B. 2021. Energy saving in papermaking by application of hybrid calcium carbonate. BioResources. 16(3), 5011–5023.
  • Lourenço, A.F., Godinho, D., Gamelas, J.A.F., Sarmento, P., Ferreira, P.J.T. 2019. Carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibrils in papermaking: influence on filler retention and paper properties. Cellulose. 26(5), 3489–3502.
  • Mousavipazhouh, H., Azadfallah, M., Jouybari, I.R. 2018. Encapsulation of precipitated calcium carbonate fillers using carboxymethyl cellulose /polyaluminium chloride: Preparation and its influence on mechanical and optical properties of paper. Maderas: Ciencia y Tecnologia. 20(4), 703–714.
  • Nelson, K., Deng, Y. 2008. Enhanced bondability between inorganic particles and a polysaccharide substrate by encapsulation with regenerated cellulose. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 107(5), 2830–2836. Nikkhah Dafchahi, M., Resalati, H., Zabihzadeh, S.M., Nazarnezhad, N., Asadpour, G., Pirayesh, H. 2021. Novel calcium carbonate filler for cellulose industry. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2021-0018
  • Shen, J., Song, Z., Qian, X., Liu, W. 2009. Modification of papermaking grade fillers: A brief review. In BioResources. 4(3): 1190–1209.
  • Shen, J., Song, Z., Qian, X., Yang, F. 2010. Carboxymethyl cellulose/alum modified precipitated calcium carbonate fillers: Preparation and their use in papermaking. Carbohydrate Polymers. 81(3), 545–553.
  • Strand, A., Sundberg, A., Retulainen, E., Salminen, K., Oksanen, A., Kouko, J., Ketola, A., Khakalo, A., Rojas, O. 2017. The effect of chemical additives on the strength, stiffness and elongation potential of paper. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. 32(3), 324–335.
  • Tutus, A., Cicekler, M., Killi, U., Kaplan, M. 2018. Comparison of GCC and PCC as Coating Material in Paper Production. International Technological Sciences and Design Symposium, 1822–1829.
  • Tutus, A., Killi, U., Cicekler, M. 2020. Evaluation of eggshell wastes in office paper production. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00768-0
  • Wu, Y., Zhao, C., Jiang, Y., Han, W. 2016. Study on modification of calcium carbonate for paper filler. Proceedings of the 2016 4th International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Computing Technology, 395-398.
  • Xie, W., Chen, F., Wang, C., Liu, Z. 2019. Modification of PCC with agar and its application in papermaking. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/490/2/022054
  • Yan, Z., Liu, Q., Deng, Y., Ragauskas, A. 2005. Improvement of paper strength with starch modified clay. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 97(1), 44–50.
  • Yang, H., Qiu, L., Qian, X., Shen, J. 2013. Filler modification for papermaking with cationic starch and carboxymethyl cellulose: A comparative study. BioResources. 8(4), 5449–5460.
  • Yoon, S. Y., Deng, Y. 2006. Starch-fatty complex modified filler for papermaking. Tappi Journal. 5(9): 3–9.
  • Zhang, M., Song, S., Wang, J., Sun, J., Li, J.Z., Ni, Y., Wei, X. 2013. Using a novel fly ash based calcium silicate as a potential paper filler. BioResources. 8(2), 2768–2779.
  • Zhao, Y., Kim, D., White, D., Deng, Y., Patterson, T., Jones, P., Turner, E., Ragauskas, A.J. 2008. Developing a new paradigm for linerboard fillers. Tappi Journal. 7(3), 3–7.

A study on effect of modified calcite on filler retention and mechanical properties of fluting papers

Year 2022, Volume: 61 Issue: 1, 13 - 18, 07.03.2022

Tamer SÖZBİR Mustafa ÇİÇEKLER

https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.994264

Abstract

In this study, the use of modified calcite as a filler in fluting paper production was investigated and its effect on retention and some mechanical properties of papers was investigated. Ground calcium carbonate (GCC/calcite) and cationic starch were used for modification. Filler modification with alum effect of CPAM resulted in starch-calcite encapsulation. Produced modified calcite (MC) was used in fluting paper production at certain dosages. Simultaneously, paper was made with unmodified calcite (UC), and the effects of modified calcite on paper properties and filler retention were studied. According to the study's findings, the use of 10% MC improved filler retention and provided approximately 23% more retention than the use of 10% UC. In addition, mechanical properties and air permeability values of MC-filled papers were higher than UC-filled papers. With the use of MC in fluting papers, better filler retention was achieved, while the reduction in mechanical properties caused by the addition of filler in general can be minimized. Besides, impurities in white water can be minimized by reducing the filler dosage given during paper production.

Keywords

Calcite, Starch, Modification, Fluting paper, Retention, Mechanical properties

References

  • Andersson, L., Ridgway, C.J., Gane, P.A.C. 2013. Defining the mechanism of sizepress starch penetration in filled unsized fibrous products - A traditional technology revisited. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal. 28(4), 547–558.
  • Bajpai, P. 2018. Biermann's Handbook of Pulp and Paper. Academic Press, London. 273-281.
  • Beazley, K. 1991. Mineral fillers in paper. The Paper Conservator, 15(1), 17–27.
  • Cadotte, M., Tellier, M.E., Blanco, A., Fuente, E., Van De Ven, T. GM., Paris, J. 2007. Floculation, retention and drainage in papermaking: A comparative study of polymeric additives. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 85(2), 240–248.
  • Cao, S., Song, D., Deng, Y., Ragauskas, A. 2011. Preparation of starch-fatty acid modified clay and its application in packaging papers. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. 50(9), 5628–5633.
  • Chen, N., Wang, L., Wen, J., Yao, X., Zhao, W. 2020. Filler modified by a sequential encapsulation and preflocculation method and its effect on paper properties. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal. 35(1), 89–95.
  • Cicekler, M., Tutus, A. 2021. Effects of cellulase enzyme in deinking of Solvent-Based inks from mixed office wastes. Biocatalysis and Biotransformation. 39(2), 152–160.
  • Fahmy, T.Y.A., Mobarak, F. 2008. Nanocomposites from natural cellulose fibers filled with kaolin in presence of sucrose. Carbohydrate Polymers. 72(4), 751–755.
  • Fan, J., Li, T., Ren, Y., Qian, X., Wang, Q., Shen, J., Ni, Y. 2017. Interaction between two oppositely charged starches in an aqueous medium containing suspended mineral particles as a basis for the generation of cellulose-compatible composites. Industrial Crops and Products. 97, 417–424.
  • Fatehi, P., Hamdan, F.C., Ni, Y. (2013). Adsorption of lignocelluloses of pre-hydrolysis liquor on calcium carbonate to induce functional filler. Carbohydrate Polymers. 94(1), 531–538.
  • Fellers, C., Östlund, S., Mäkelä, P. 2012. Evaluation of the Scott bond test method. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. 27(2), 231–236.
  • Geng, C., Ma, T., Liu, J. 2021. Eco-environmental benefits analysis of EcoPartnerships program of production technology of calcium carbonate from lime mud produced by alkaline papermaking. Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.13697
  • Gigac, J., Kuna, V., & Schwartz, J. 1995. Effects of fibers and fillers on the optical and mechanical characteristics of paper. Tappi Journal. 78(2), 162–167.
  • Hubbe, M.A., Gill, R.A. 2016. Fillers for papermaking: A review of their properties, usage practices, and their mechanistic role. BioResources. 11(1), 2886–2963.
  • Karademir, A., Varlibas, H., Cicekler, M. 2013. A study on the chemical retention of CaCO3 on paper production. SDU Faculty of Forestry Journal. 14(1), 48–52.
  • Kiaei, M., Samariha, A., Farsi, M. 2016. Effects of montmorillonite clay on mechanical and morphological properties of papers made with cationic starch and neutral sulfite semichemical or old corrugated container pulps. BioResources. 11(2), 4990–5002.
  • Kim, H., Kim, C.H., Seo, J.M., Lee, J.Y., Kim, S.H., Park, H.J., Kim, G.C. 2011. Use of modified lignocellulosic fillers to improve paper properties. Appita Journal, 64(4): 338–343).
  • Kuusisto, J., Maloney, T.C. 2016. Preparation and characterization of corn starch–calcium carbonate hybrid pigments. Industrial Crops and Products. 83, 294–300. Laftah, W.A., Wan Abdul Rahman, W.A. 2016. Pulping Process and the Potential of Using Non-Wood Pineapple Leaves Fiber for Pulp and Paper Production: A Review. Journal of Natural Fibers. 13(1): 85-202.
  • Lee, M.W., Jung, S.Y., Seo, Y.B. 2021. Energy saving in papermaking by application of hybrid calcium carbonate. BioResources. 16(3), 5011–5023.
  • Lourenço, A.F., Godinho, D., Gamelas, J.A.F., Sarmento, P., Ferreira, P.J.T. 2019. Carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibrils in papermaking: influence on filler retention and paper properties. Cellulose. 26(5), 3489–3502.
  • Mousavipazhouh, H., Azadfallah, M., Jouybari, I.R. 2018. Encapsulation of precipitated calcium carbonate fillers using carboxymethyl cellulose /polyaluminium chloride: Preparation and its influence on mechanical and optical properties of paper. Maderas: Ciencia y Tecnologia. 20(4), 703–714.
  • Nelson, K., Deng, Y. 2008. Enhanced bondability between inorganic particles and a polysaccharide substrate by encapsulation with regenerated cellulose. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 107(5), 2830–2836. Nikkhah Dafchahi, M., Resalati, H., Zabihzadeh, S.M., Nazarnezhad, N., Asadpour, G., Pirayesh, H. 2021. Novel calcium carbonate filler for cellulose industry. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2021-0018
  • Shen, J., Song, Z., Qian, X., Liu, W. 2009. Modification of papermaking grade fillers: A brief review. In BioResources. 4(3): 1190–1209.
  • Shen, J., Song, Z., Qian, X., Yang, F. 2010. Carboxymethyl cellulose/alum modified precipitated calcium carbonate fillers: Preparation and their use in papermaking. Carbohydrate Polymers. 81(3), 545–553.
  • Strand, A., Sundberg, A., Retulainen, E., Salminen, K., Oksanen, A., Kouko, J., Ketola, A., Khakalo, A., Rojas, O. 2017. The effect of chemical additives on the strength, stiffness and elongation potential of paper. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. 32(3), 324–335.
  • Tutus, A., Cicekler, M., Killi, U., Kaplan, M. 2018. Comparison of GCC and PCC as Coating Material in Paper Production. International Technological Sciences and Design Symposium, 1822–1829.
  • Tutus, A., Killi, U., Cicekler, M. 2020. Evaluation of eggshell wastes in office paper production. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00768-0
  • Wu, Y., Zhao, C., Jiang, Y., Han, W. 2016. Study on modification of calcium carbonate for paper filler. Proceedings of the 2016 4th International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Computing Technology, 395-398.
  • Xie, W., Chen, F., Wang, C., Liu, Z. 2019. Modification of PCC with agar and its application in papermaking. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/490/2/022054
  • Yan, Z., Liu, Q., Deng, Y., Ragauskas, A. 2005. Improvement of paper strength with starch modified clay. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 97(1), 44–50.
  • Yang, H., Qiu, L., Qian, X., Shen, J. 2013. Filler modification for papermaking with cationic starch and carboxymethyl cellulose: A comparative study. BioResources. 8(4), 5449–5460.
  • Yoon, S. Y., Deng, Y. 2006. Starch-fatty complex modified filler for papermaking. Tappi Journal. 5(9): 3–9.
  • Zhang, M., Song, S., Wang, J., Sun, J., Li, J.Z., Ni, Y., Wei, X. 2013. Using a novel fly ash based calcium silicate as a potential paper filler. BioResources. 8(2), 2768–2779.
  • Zhao, Y., Kim, D., White, D., Deng, Y., Patterson, T., Jones, P., Turner, E., Ragauskas, A.J. 2008. Developing a new paradigm for linerboard fillers. Tappi Journal. 7(3), 3–7.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Tamer SÖZBİR
Kahramanmaraş Kağıt Fabrikası
0000-0001-9035-8214
Türkiye

Mustafa ÇİÇEKLER
KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNİVERSİTESİ
0000-0001-5793-2827
Türkiye

Supporting Institution R&D Center of Kahramanmaraş Paper Industry Inc.
Thanks This study was carried out at the R&D Center of Kahramanmaraş Paper Industry Inc. and the authors would like to thank to the R&D personnel for their kind supports in the laboratory.
Publication Date March 7, 2022
Submission Date September 16, 2021
Acceptance Date November 12, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022Volume: 61 Issue: 1

Cite

Bibtex @research article { madencilik994264, journal = {Scientific Mining Journal}, issn = {2564-7024}, eissn = {2587-2613}, address = {Selanik Cad. No: 19/4 06650 Kızılay-Çankaya / ANKARA - TURKEY}, publisher = {Chamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey}, year = {2022}, volume = {61}, number = {1}, pages = {13 - 18}, doi = {10.30797/madencilik.994264}, title = {A study on effect of modified calcite on filler retention and mechanical properties of fluting papers}, key = {cite}, author = {Sözbir, Tamer and Çiçekler, Mustafa} }
APA Sözbir, T. & Çiçekler, M. (2022). A study on effect of modified calcite on filler retention and mechanical properties of fluting papers . Scientific Mining Journal , 61 (1) , 13-18 . DOI: 10.30797/madencilik.994264
MLA Sözbir, T. , Çiçekler, M. "A study on effect of modified calcite on filler retention and mechanical properties of fluting papers" . Scientific Mining Journal 61 (2022 ): 13-18 <http://www.mining.org.tr/en/pub/issue/68805/994264>
Chicago Sözbir, T. , Çiçekler, M. "A study on effect of modified calcite on filler retention and mechanical properties of fluting papers". Scientific Mining Journal 61 (2022 ): 13-18
RIS TY - JOUR T1 - A study on effect of modified calcite on filler retention and mechanical properties of fluting papers AU - TamerSözbir, MustafaÇiçekler Y1 - 2022 PY - 2022 N1 - doi: 10.30797/madencilik.994264 DO - 10.30797/madencilik.994264 T2 - Scientific Mining Journal JF - Journal JO - JOR SP - 13 EP - 18 VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 2564-7024-2587-2613 M3 - doi: 10.30797/madencilik.994264 UR - https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.994264 Y2 - 2021 ER -
EndNote %0 Scientific Mining Journal A study on effect of modified calcite on filler retention and mechanical properties of fluting papers %A Tamer Sözbir , Mustafa Çiçekler %T A study on effect of modified calcite on filler retention and mechanical properties of fluting papers %D 2022 %J Scientific Mining Journal %P 2564-7024-2587-2613 %V 61 %N 1 %R doi: 10.30797/madencilik.994264 %U 10.30797/madencilik.994264
ISNAD Sözbir, Tamer , Çiçekler, Mustafa . "A study on effect of modified calcite on filler retention and mechanical properties of fluting papers". Scientific Mining Journal 61 / 1 (March 2022): 13-18 . https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.994264
AMA Sözbir T. , Çiçekler M. A study on effect of modified calcite on filler retention and mechanical properties of fluting papers. Mining. 2022; 61(1): 13-18.
Vancouver Sözbir T. , Çiçekler M. A study on effect of modified calcite on filler retention and mechanical properties of fluting papers. Scientific Mining Journal. 2022; 61(1): 13-18.
IEEE T. Sözbir and M. Çiçekler , "A study on effect of modified calcite on filler retention and mechanical properties of fluting papers", Scientific Mining Journal, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 13-18, Mar. 2022, doi:10.30797/madencilik.994264

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